圣经是在尼西亚会议上被“选”出来的吗？
Was the Bible selected at the Council of Nicaea?
简答 Short Answer
不是。尼西亚会议（325年）讨论的是基督的神性问题，根本没有讨论圣经正典。正典的形成是教会逐渐承认已有权威的过程，不是某次投票的结果。
No. The Council of Nicaea (325 AD) addressed Christ's divinity, not the biblical canon. Canon formation was the church gradually recognizing existing authority, not a vote.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
这个说法因《达芬奇密码》而广为流传，但它是历史性的错误。
尼西亚会议讨论了什么？325年的尼西亚公会议主要目的是回应亚流异端（否认基督的完全神性），制定了尼西亚信经。会议记录中没有任何关于圣经正典的讨论。
正典是怎么形成的？正典化不是某个权威机构「选择」哪些书归入圣经，而是教会「承认」哪些书已经具有上帝话语的权威。使徒时代，新约各书卷在教会中被写成、传阅，从一开始就被视为有权威的。保罗的书信在写成后很快就在各教会之间流通（西4:16）。
2世纪的教父爱任纽、特土良已经引用了今天新约27卷中的绝大部分。约170年的穆拉多利残篇已列出大部分新约书卷。367年亚他那修第一次明确列出27卷完整书目。397年迦太基会议正式确认。
正典的标准：使徒性（是否由使徒或其同伴所写）、正统性（是否与使徒教导一致）、普遍性（是否被各地教会广泛接受）。
教会不是「创造」了正典，而是「辨认」了正典。正如加尔文所说，教会不是圣经权威的来源，而是圣经权威的见证人。
This claim, popularized by The Da Vinci Code, is historically false.
The Council of Nicaea (325 AD) primarily addressed the Arian heresy and produced the Nicene Creed. No record mentions canon discussions.
Canon formation was not an authority selecting books but the church recognizing books that already carried divine authority. In the apostolic era, NT books were written and circulated as authoritative from the start (Col 4:16).
By the 2nd century, Irenaeus and Tertullian cited most of today's 27 NT books. The Muratorian Fragment (c.170 AD) listed most NT books. Athanasius (367 AD) first listed all 27 explicitly. The Council of Carthage (397 AD) formally confirmed them.
Canon criteria: Apostolicity, orthodoxy, and catholicity.
The church did not create the canon but recognized it. As Calvin said, the church is not the source of Scripture's authority but its witness.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •迈克尔·克鲁格，《正典再审视》；Michael Kruger, Canon Revisited