基督徒需要遵守旧约律法吗？
Do Christians need to obey Old Testament law?
简答 Short Answer
需要区分三种律法：道德律（如十诫）永恒有效；礼仪律（如献祭）在基督里已成全；民事律（以色列国的法律）的一般公义原则仍有指导意义。
We must distinguish three types of law: moral law (like the Ten Commandments) remains eternally binding; ceremonial law (like sacrifices) is fulfilled in Christ; civil law (Israel's national laws) retains general equity principles.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
这个问题困扰了很多初信者：旧约有那么多规条，基督徒到底要守哪些？改革宗传统根据韦敏斯德信条将旧约律法分为三类：
道德律（十诫）：这是上帝永恒不变的道德标准，反映了上帝的圣洁本性。不可杀人、不可偷盗、不可作假见证——这些在任何时代、任何文化都有效。耶稣不是来废除律法，而是来成全律法（太5:17）。基督徒仍然要遵守道德律，不是靠它得救，而是作为感恩的生活标准。
礼仪律（献祭、洁净、节期）：这些是指向基督的「影子」。旧约的祭牲预表了基督这位终极的羔羊；圣殿预表了基督的身体；大祭司预表了基督的中保工作。基督来了，影子就完成了使命（来10:1）。所以基督徒不需要献牛羊、不需要行割礼、不需要守饮食禁忌。
民事律（以色列国的法律）：这些是上帝给以色列这个特定国家在特定时期的律例。虽然具体条文不再直接适用，但其中的「一般公义」原则仍然有效。例如，要求田地四角留给穷人的律法，其背后的公义和怜悯原则今天仍有意义。
简而言之：道德律告诉我们上帝的标准不变；礼仪律告诉我们基督成全了一切；民事律告诉我们上帝关心社会公义。整本旧约律法都指向基督。
This puzzles many new believers. The Reformed tradition, following the Westminster Confession, divides OT law into three categories:
Moral law (Ten Commandments): God's eternally unchanging moral standard reflecting His holy nature. Do not murder, steal, bear false witness, these apply in every era and culture. Jesus came not to abolish but fulfill the law (Matt 5:17). Christians still obey moral law, not for salvation but as a grateful standard of living.
Ceremonial law (sacrifices, cleansing, festivals): These were shadows pointing to Christ. OT sacrifices foreshadowed Christ the ultimate Lamb; the temple foreshadowed Christ's body; the high priest foreshadowed Christ's mediation. When Christ came, the shadows fulfilled their purpose (Heb 10:1). Christians need not offer animals, practice circumcision, or keep dietary laws.
Civil law (Israel's national laws): Given to Israel as a specific nation in a specific period. While specific statutes no longer directly apply, their general equity principles remain valid. For example, the law requiring field corners for the poor embodies justice and mercy principles still meaningful today.
In summary: moral law shows God's unchanging standard; ceremonial law shows Christ fulfilled everything; civil law shows God cares about social justice. All OT law points to Christ.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •韦敏斯德信条 19章；WCF ch.19
- •托马斯·沃森，《十诫》；Thomas Watson, The Ten Commandments