科学和信仰是对立的吗？
Are science and faith opposed to each other?
简答 Short Answer
不对立。现代科学的奠基者大多是虔诚的基督徒。科学研究上帝「怎样」创造，信仰回答上帝「为什么」创造。它们是互补的，不是对立的。
No. Most founders of modern science were devout Christians. Science studies how God created; faith answers why. They are complementary, not opposed.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
「科学与信仰对立」是近代才出现的流行神话。事实上，现代科学正是在基督教世界观中诞生的。
为什么？因为基督教相信：（1）宇宙是由一位理性的上帝按照规律创造的，所以值得研究；（2）人是按上帝的形象造的，有理性能力去理解这些规律。这两个信念为科学研究提供了基础。
现代科学的奠基者几乎都是基督徒：牛顿（物理学和数学）说过「我研究圣经和天文学，是为了更多认识上帝」。法拉第（电磁学）是虔诚的基督徒。巴斯德（微生物学）说「一点点科学让人远离上帝，更多的科学让人回到上帝面前」。开普勒（行星运动）说他是在「跟随上帝的思想来思考」。
科学和信仰回答的是不同层面的问题。科学回答「怎样」——物质世界如何运作？信仰回答「为什么」——世界为什么存在？生命有什么意义？这就像问「水壶为什么开了」：物理学说「因为水达到了100度」；目的论说「因为我想泡茶」。两个答案都对，不冲突。
真正对立的不是科学和信仰，而是唯物主义（认为物质是唯一现实）和有神论（认为物质之外还有超自然的维度）。科学本身是中性的工具，它既不能证明也不能否定上帝的存在。
爱因斯坦说：「没有宗教的科学是跛的，没有科学的宗教是瞎的。」
The science vs. faith conflict is a modern myth. Modern science was actually born within a Christian worldview.
Why? Christianity believes: (1) the universe was created by a rational God according to laws, making it worth studying; (2) humans are made in God's image with rational capacity to understand these laws. These beliefs provided science's foundation.
Most founders of modern science were Christians: Newton (physics, mathematics) said he studied the Bible and astronomy to know God better. Faraday (electromagnetism) was a devout Christian. Pasteur (microbiology) said a little science distances you from God, more science brings you back. Kepler (planetary motion) said he was thinking God's thoughts after Him.
Science and faith answer different levels of questions. Science answers how: how does the physical world work? Faith answers why: why does the world exist? What is life's meaning? Like asking why the kettle is boiling: physics says because water reached 100 degrees; purpose says because I want tea. Both correct, no conflict.
The real opposition isn't science vs. faith but materialism (matter is the only reality) vs. theism (there is a supernatural dimension beyond matter). Science itself is a neutral tool that can neither prove nor disprove God's existence.
Einstein said: Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •约翰·列诺克斯，《上帝的开拓者》；John Lennox, God's Undertaker
- •阿尔文·普兰丁格，《冲突的真相》；Alvin Plantinga, Where the Conflict Really Lies