婴儿和从未听过福音的人死后去哪里？
What happens to infants and those who never heard the gospel?
简答 Short Answer
圣经没有给出完全明确的答案，但我们可以确信上帝是完全公义又完全怜悯的。韦敏斯德信条说选民中夭折的婴孩被基督所重生和拯救。至于未闻福音者，上帝不会做不公平的事。
Scripture doesn't give a fully explicit answer, but we can trust God is perfectly just and merciful. The Westminster Confession says elect infants dying in infancy are regenerated and saved by Christ. For the unreached, God will not act unjustly.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
这是最困扰人心的问题之一，需要谦卑和诚实地回答。
关于婴儿：韦敏斯德信条第10章第3节说：「选民中夭折的婴孩，被基督通过圣灵重生得救。圣灵何时、何处、用何方式做工，都随祂的美意。」这给了我们盼望：上帝有能力也有意愿拯救祂所拣选的婴孩，即使他们还不能有意识地相信。大卫在儿子死后说：「我必往他那里去，他却不能回我这里来」（撒下12:23），暗示了他相信孩子与上帝同在。
关于从未听过福音的人：圣经教导两个平行的真理。第一，「除他以外，别无拯救；因为在天下人间，没有赐下别的名，我们可以靠着得救」（徒4:12）——救恩只在基督里。第二，「审判全地的主岂不行公义吗？」（创18:25）——上帝的审判绝对公平。
罗马书1-2章教导，所有人都通过自然启示知道上帝的存在，但所有人都压制这真理、悖逆上帝。所以人被定罪不是因为「没听过福音」，而是因为「悖逆了他们所知道的」。
我们不知道上帝在每个具体案例中如何行事。但我们知道：（1）上帝是公义的，不会做不公平的事。（2）上帝是怜悯的，祂「不愿有一人沉沦，乃愿人人都悔改」（彼后3:9）。（3）这应该激励我们更紧迫地传福音，因为「未曾听见，怎能信呢？」（罗10:14）。
在我们不完全明白的事上，信靠上帝的智慧和良善。
This is one of the most troubling questions, requiring humility and honesty.
Regarding infants: The Westminster Confession ch.10.3 says: Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit, who works when, where, and how He pleases. This gives hope: God has both ability and willingness to save His elect infants even before conscious faith. David, after his son died, said: I shall go to him, but he will not return to me (2 Sam 12:23), suggesting he believed the child was with God.
Regarding the unreached: Scripture teaches two parallel truths. First, there is salvation in no one else (Acts 4:12); salvation is only in Christ. Second, Shall not the Judge of all the earth do what is just? (Gen 18:25); God's judgment is absolutely fair.
Romans 1-2 teaches all people know of God's existence through natural revelation but suppress this truth and rebel. People are condemned not for not hearing the gospel but for rebelling against what they did know.
We don't know how God acts in every specific case. But we know: (1) God is just and won't act unfairly. (2) God is merciful, not wishing that any should perish (2 Pet 3:9). (3) This should motivate urgent evangelism: How are they to believe in him of whom they have never heard? (Rom 10:14).
In matters we don't fully understand, trust God's wisdom and goodness.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •韦敏斯德信条 10章；WCF ch.10
- •提摩太·凯勒，《为何是他》；Tim Keller, The Reason for God📖